labrat
LE
Maybe the USMC/RM approach of 'Every man a rifleman first' would be the way to approach it (again). If people can pass the requirements of a suitable basic police course then at least you'd know that the bloke behind the counter in the front office can turn out if necessary.
A couple of coppers I've known down the years were real fans of the idea that all officers ought to pull a couple of mandatory shifts on response every month, both in order to keep them grounded and to ensure that response was always properly resourced.